Critique of New Age Bollywood - 681 Words

New Age Bollywood: Society’s call or IQ’s fall The actress flexes her belly muscles for the 367th time on screen. She seems to be quite content with the blatant stereotyping and the pigeon-holing. The fact that she is only there as a commodity doesn’t seem to bother her. The actor falls in love at first sight – with her or her belly dancing, we’re not really sure. The same actor proceeds to bash the skulls of 453 similar minded men lusting after the aforementioned belly to prove his love for the actress. (With all due respect to the undoubtedly smart and perfectly reasonable 453 goons, it often beats me why they all never attack at once.) The audience erupts at the end of the painfully (er, coat please) long fight sequence, hooting,†¦show more content†¦Cue fully deserved standing ovation. If you find that the plot of Partner is remotely similar to that of Hitch, or that Phir Hera Pheri is identical to Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels th en you, my friend, are clearly mistaken. I want you to stare at the mirror long and hard and think about where your life is headed. Oh, and you also reek of anti-nationalism. All events in the movies are fictitious and any resemblance, however compelling, to any Hollywood movie is purely coincidental and accidental. The rate at which Bollywood standards have fallen, and continuously kept plummeting, would easily put the 1929 Great Depression to shame. That is a feat in itself, and thus deserves applause. Thus, we dedicate this article to all those bright souls who over the years have played a huge part in this country’s collective mental degeneration. Where we as a society would have strayed without their relentless guidance is anyone’s guess. It simultaneously sickens and saddens me to discover that the present generation derives immense pleasure from this utter dross that is churned out week after week. But then, who am I to question the absolute behemoth of public a pproval that is the Indian Film Industry. I am a mere mortal who has no right to pelt small stones at this greatly revered sleeping giant. Well, even if I do, there obviously won’t be any effect. As long as the immensely rational people of our country keep devouring these frankly demeaning offerings, theShow MoreRelatedGlobalization Is An Indispensable Influence On My Life And Surroundings1080 Words   |  5 Pagesproducers have been able to lower their prices and construct more. As a result, clothing has become increasingly cheaper and more accessible, but is being produced at an alarming rates by chains like HM and Forever 21. Globalization has brought about an age of consumerism in which the consumer is constantly tempted by excessive consumption. Following is my experiences with globalization’s stimulation of media. One of my favorite effects, our involvement with media is a stark difference from our daysRead MoreAsdf Ghjkl Kkkkk2739 Words   |  11 PagesCan Bollywood Go Global? 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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written

Introduction And Definitions Of Internet Usage - 4154 Words

CHAPTER -1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction and Definitions Internet usage has skyrocketed in the last decade, propelled by web and multimedia applications. While the predominant way to access the Internet is still cable or fiber, an increasing number of users now demand mobile, ubiquitous access whether they are at home at work or on the move. For instance, they want to compare prices on the web while shopping at the local department store, access Internet â€Å"navigation† aids from their car, read e-mail while riding a bus or hold a project review while at the local coffee shop or in the airport lounge. The concept of wireless, mobile Internet is not new. When the packet switching technology, the fabric of the Internet, was introduced with the ARPANET in 1969, the Department of Defense immediately understood the potential of a packet switched radio technology to interconnect mobile nodes in the battlefield. 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Marx and Weber within Religion Free Essays

string(223) " this a cause and effect phenomenon as this illusory hope of common and exploited folk further distoirts the socio-economic condition and in this way self-alienation of individual oincreases with more reliance on religion\." Marx and Durkheim jointly cover the nucleus of the sociological thought on various issues. They encompass the major issues within the sociological tradition. Religion remained their favorite sociological subject and their have speculated over the issue in the modern sociological context. We will write a custom essay sample on Marx and Weber within Religion or any similar topic only for you Order Now Marxian reflection on the sociology of religion is very limited whereas Durkheim has contributed largely on the philosophical and sociological issues pertaining to religion.   Marx is considered as an avant-garde sociologist on the concept of religion. Being influenced by Hegel’s philosophy, Marx considers religion is a manifestation of â€Å"material realities and economic injustice†. Therefore, he labels problems in religion are eventually ultimate social problems. Most of the Marxian thought on the sociological aspects of religion is reflected in the quite a few opening paragraphs of his â€Å"Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right: Introduction.† These are the same passages that include his widely quoted pronouncement on religion, that â€Å"it is the opium of the people.† Nevertheless, this statement by Marx can not be taken as demonstration of Marxian religious view. It is often misquoted devoid of its context. Marx’s starts his essay â€Å"Contribution to a Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right† with such words; â€Å"For Germany the criticism of religion is in the main complete, and criticism of religion is the premise of all criticism.† (Marx 1964B: 43) This raises the concerns why Marx has pronounced religious criticism as the essential element of all criticisms. The basic factor that compelled Marx to declare religious criticism as the basic form was the magnitude of significance that religion holds in the lives of humans. Now the question arises why Marx has declared the criticism of religion as he basic of all criticisms. John Macmurrary considers that it was the acknowledgement of historical judgment on the part of Marx. It was an illustration of his understanding on the social function of religion. He says in this regard; By criticism, in this phrase, we must be careful to understand what Marx understood by it, not the blank denial of religion, but the historical understanding of its necessity and function in society, which leads to its dialectical negation when its function is completed. Marx meant that the understanding of religion was the key to the understanding of social history. (Macmurrary 1935: 219) Mckown reinforces the same understanding like Mcmurray that Marx deems religion as a useful social tool and this thinking developed as profound analysis of social history pertaining to religion. But Mckown further emphasizes that this statement has too much generalization. (Mckown, 1975. p.46) Marx further asserts that religion is the production of social evolution and its serves society and state in several ways.   He does not eulogize religion but consider it of vital importance for layman as it enriches their lives with sense of worth. He says in this regards; Religion is, indeed, the self-consciousness and self-esteem of man who has either not yet won through to himself, or has already lost himself again. But man is no abstract being squatting outside the world. Man is the world of man—state, society. This state and this society produce religion, which is an inverted consciousness of the world, because they are an inverted world. Religion is the general theory of this world, its encyclopedic compendium, its logic in popular form, its spiritual point d’honneur, its enthusiasm, its moral sanction, its solemn complement, and its universal basis of consolation and justification. It is the fantastic realization of the human essence since the human essence has not acquired any true reality. The struggle against religion is, therefore, indirectly the struggle against that world whose spiritual aroma is religion. (Marx, 1964) Appraisal of religion is primary as religion creates the inverted delusions that the religion world i.e life hereafter, deities etc. is factual and that the material world is a shadow of that real life. So in his criticism of â€Å"religion†, he hit any religion that capsizes the physical world from being the primary reality. As an acquittal from his explicit attack on, Marx lessens his negative perception by evaluating the foundational purpose of religion in this way; â€Å"Religious suffering is at the same time an expression of real suffering and a protest against real suffering. Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the sentiment of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people.† Marx’s religious viewpoint is not sympathetic toward religion and he does not consider it an extra-human phenomenon. But he is of the view hat religion is a product of society in order to provide solace to the distressed people. It was the mechanization of the poor to create an illusory world for themselves to create an escape from harsh realities of life. So he thinks that abolition of religion is necessary to eradicate the illusory world and create an environment for their real happiness. He says that religion is not a malady in itself but it is the indication and the remedy (simultaneously) of that malady i.e. religion is an expression and solution to a more fundamental happiness. So Marxian assertions about religion are not negative as they are often understood and interpreted. It manifests that Marx has a â€Å"partial validation of religion† until a suitable economic system does not remove the causes that created it. Marxian idea of religion derives its strength from his idea of â€Å"alienation†. He think hat it was â€Å"alienation† [1] that dehumanize the individuals and religious opium comes as a minimum resistance by the exploited people that provides illusory hope against the real exploitation. Another Marxian critic, Norman Birnbaum (1969), interpret this phenomenon in his way, to Marx, â€Å"religion is a spiritual response to a condition of alienation.† (p.126) Illustrating the ultimate and real purpose of religion (contrary to the view of the commom folk), he further exaplin Marxian view; â€Å"Religion was conceived to be a powerful conservative force that served to perpetuate the domination of one social class at the expense of others.† (Ibid 127).† So this a cause and effect phenomenon as this illusory hope of common and exploited folk further distoirts the socio-economic condition and in this way self-alienation of individual oincreases with more reliance on religion. You read "Marx and Weber within Religion" in category "Essay examples" Raines[2] sums up the Marxian sociology of religion in this way; â€Å"Like the Hebrew prophets of old, Marx knew that to speak of social justice we must become socially self-critical, and that means becoming critical of the ruling powers—whether they be kings or priests or investment bankers†¦. For Marx, all ideas are relative to the social location and interests of their production. And like the prophets before him, the most revealing perspective is not from the top down or the center outward, but the†¦point of view of the exploited and marginalized. Suffering can see through and unveil official explanations; it can cry out and protest against the arrogance of power.† (Raines) To Durkheim, religion was a social phenomenon that originates directly from the social needs of a society but he considers it an essential regulating force that shapes and determines the consciousness of a society. But its most important purpose is social cohesion. A close analysis of history by Durkheim[3] reflected that religion is a valid and vital force that binds the individuals and societies together.   Describing Durkheim motives o study religion on a broader level, Lewis Coser write in his monumental work â€Å"Maters of Sociological Thought†; Durkheim’s earlier concern with social regulation was in the main focused on the more external forces of control, more particularly legal regulations that can be studied, so he argued, in the law books and without regard to individuals. Later he was led to consider forces of control that were internalized in individual consciousness. Being convinced that â€Å"society has to be present within the individual,† Durkheim, following the logic of his own theory, was led to the study of religion, one of the forces that created within individuals a sense of moral obligation to adhere to society’s demands. (Coser, 1977. p. 136) Durkheim main concern was trace down the social origin of religion. the sociological interpretaion of religion. Fot this purpose, he tried to comprehend the basic forms of social religions. He   illustrated that Australian Toteism is the most rudimentary form of a religion. He considers that it was the basic social necessity of the social entity that compelled that group to devise a religious activity. Further explaining the social origin of religion, Durkhein says that religion is an epitome of social cohesion. To Durkheim, society was not a mere collection of individual but is has other internal and external dimensions. Internally, it is the substantial device that moulds our beliefs and attitudes while on the external horizon, it exerts and maintains pressures from the society to facilitate conformity to the above-mentioned collective beliefs and attitudes. For these two purposes, it devised the religious activity. He thought that the absolute purpose of religion is to enable people to show a willingness put their invidual interests and personal propensities and to put interests of society ahead of their own. So it capaciates the people to get ready for a cohesive social life. Ultimately, if individuals want to be happy, so they must regulate their individual needs and aspirations and their propensities must be confined into limits. This regulatory role must thus be executed by an external agency superior to the individual i.e. by society. Both these feature of social facts explains clearly that society is an independent entity that works for the collective benefits and dies not surrender to individual proclivities and requirements. Religion acts as social tool for this regulatory role of society. Religion internalizes that regulatory process and individuals act on that as an obligation. Durkheim consider religion as â€Å"society divinised† because religion only acts in the social domain. Durkheim observes god of divine manifestations of it as society itself. He takes god in the functional perspective and attributes functional traits to god and further links these characteristics to social phenomenon. For example, he says that â€Å"god is first of all a being that man conceives of as superior to himself in some respects and one on whom he believes he depends. †¦ Society also fosters in us the sense of perpetual dependence. †¦ Society requires us to make ourselves its servants, forgetful of our own interests†. (Elementary Forms for Religious Life, p. 208-209). Durkheim deems religion as â€Å"a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things, that is to say, things set apart and forbidden—beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral community called a Church, all those who adhere to them† (Elementary Forms for Religious Life, p. 47). He makes an important distinction in religious domain that is based on the separation of human experiences i.e. profane and the Sacred. Profane is the dominion of mundane life experiences i.e. routine work, daily life activities etc. This sphere has an ultimate utilitarian approach. The sacred realm constitutes of no-mundane experiences that includes he recognition of a non-empirical authority and non-utilitarian activities.   He says in this regard; A society whose members are united by the fact that they think in the same way in regard to the sacred world and its relations with the profane world, and by the fact that they translate these common ideas to common practices, is what is called a Church. In all history, we do not find a single religion without a Church. (Elementary Forms for Religious Life, p. 44) So a superior fusion of profane and sacred life makes the social cohesion that is necessary to put the civilization on the path of progress and prosperity. He describes the social association as an incarnation of relation between individuals and divinity. Coser says in this regard; â€Å"Religion is eminently social: it occurs in a social context, and, more importantly, when men celebrate sacred things, they unwittingly celebrate the power of their society. This power so transcends their own existence that they have to give it sacred significance in order to visualize it. (Coser, 1977. p. 136) Durkheim does not support Comte’s assertion that humans must endeavor to create a new â€Å"humanitarian cult† based on the rational principles. Durkheim like Marx does not suggest an abrupt ending to religion but reinforces the Marxian that it should work until an appropriate alternative does not replace this vital sociological tool. He says in this regard, â€Å"We must discover the rational substitutes for these religious notions that for a long time have served as the vehicle for the most essential moral ideas.† (Moral Education, 1961. p.9) Coser sums up the religions ultimate function as described by Durkhein, in this way; Finally, religion has a euphoric function in that it serves to counteract feelings of frustration and loss of faith and certitude by reestablishing the believers’ sense of well-being, their sense of the essential rightness of the moral world of which they are a part. By countering the sense of loss, which, as in the case of death, may be experienced on both the individual and the collective level, religion helps to reestablish the balance of private and public confidence. (Coser, 1976. p.139) So Both Marx and Durkheim consider religion important social tools that give purpose and meaning to the human life.[4] Both consider the values of world religions i.e. intrinsic value and dignity of human perspective an important element but Marx views it as a toll of the oppressor to perpetuate its practices and to provide a fictitious idealism of human dignity to the common folk.   However both consider institution of religion as an imperative social necessity hitherto. References Bellah, Robert. â€Å"Durkheim and History.† American Sociological Review 24 (1959): 447- 61. Chiodi, P. Sartre and Marxism. Harvester Press Ltd. 1976. Coser, Lewis A. Masters of Sociological Thought: Ideas in Historical and Social Context, 2nd Ed., Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. 1977. Emile Durkheim, Moral Education. New York; The Free Press.1961. Emile Durkheim, The Elementary Forms of Religious Life. New York; The Free Press, 1954. Macmurrary, John. The Early Development of Marx’s thought in Christianity and The Social Revolution. Ed. John Lewis;  Karl Polanyi;  Donald K Kitchin. London, Gollancz, 1935. Mckown, Delos Banning. The classical Marxist critiques of religion: Marx, Engels, Lenin, Kautsky. The Hague : Martinus Nijhoff, 1975. Marx. Karl. Introduction to a Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right. 1844 Pickering, W. S. F. Durkheim’s Sociology of Religion: Themes and Theories. London: Routledge K. Paul. 1984. Raines, John. Marx on Religion. Philadelphia : Temple University Press, 2002. [1] Chiodi, the famous Marxian critic, Has defined Marx concept of alienation in these words; â€Å" It is the negative process by which a subject makes himself other than himself by virtue of a constraint which is capable of being removed on the initiative of the subject himself. â€Å" (Chiodi, 1976. p.80) [2] John Raines is Professor of Religion at Temple University. [3] Most of the Durkheim’s critics regards his findings as theoretical and ahistorical contemplations but Bellah is of the view that â€Å"Almost all of [Durkheim’s] own researches draw heavily from historical and ethnological sources and are in fact organized in an historical framework† (p.  448). [4] Durkheim considers it the ultimate function whereas Marx labels it as inverted and pretended reality. How to cite Marx and Weber within Religion, Essay examples

Collin Car Parking System Vision Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Collin Car Parking System. Answer: System vision document: Problem statement Considering the recent scenario of the global cities it can be said that an organized parking system is the need of the hour. Unauthorized parking in the every hook and corner creates inconvenience for the travelers. Considering the case study of the Collins car park system it can be seen that the main requirements of the system is developing an innovative car parking model that could address the existing problems. The main business requirements of the Collins car parking model are easy customer registrations, creating a portal of online ticket booking, installation of the ticket checking system, system for ticket generation, stringent security measures both for the vehicles of the customers as well as ensuring security for the customer credentials. Ensuring customer satisfaction by creating a portal for customer feedback is also one of the requirements for the Collins car parking business (Lee Lee, 2014). Apart from this, the other business requirements involve reaching out to maxi mum number of customers and extending its business worldwide. Most of the existing car parking models are time consuming considering the mode of payment, ticket checking or ticket generation. Collins car parking model offers much improvised solution to these problems. It provides automatic access to the parking area. The affixed ticket holders just have to insert their tickets in the slot installed in the control pillar and the other customers are required to press the button on the control pillar which produces a print out of the ticket. Although all these factors are instrumental in attracting more customers but upgrading the model to a digital system where customer can check availability of the car parking spots online are some of the innovation that the customers expects. System capabilities The Collins car parking model provides a structured solution for their customers. The regular customers of the Collins can book their spaces in advance for months or weeks. Their fixed customers are given an affixed ticket bearing their details, each time the customer have to park the vehicle he/she is required to scan the ticket before entry thus enabling easy access to the car park. Other than this Collinss aspires to extend its operating centers thus reaching out to more number of people. Keeping all these factors in mind, it can be said that the Collins car parking system can attract more customers compared to the other prevailing models in the market (Attias, 2017). The Collins aims to implement a completely digitalized system by incorporating RFID technology which in turn will ensure more efficient utilization of the parking spots also it will enable the user to check the available spaces from the mobile applications. The Collins can further extend its service by launching the mobile applications to other platforms such as web applications and windows phone (Zheng, Rajasegarar Leckie, 2015). Other business scopes of Collins car parking is installation of the automatic security system for the Collins car park. The system capabilities of the Collins car parking can also be summarized as the following points: Customer can access the Collins service online with the help of mobile applications. Provides different schemes for the regular and the normal customers. Strict monitoring of the security system, which in turn increases customer satisfaction (Patil Bhonge, 2013). The Collins car parking aims to extend its car parks in remote locations as well. Provides various options for payment and booking modes. The customer can choose the mode of payment as per his/her convenience. Easy access and easy exit from the car park. System benefits The following points draw a light on the benefits of the Collins car parking model: The Collins car parking provides different services for their regular and normal customers. The services offered to their regular customers is less time consuming. The Collins provides services of booking and ticket generation in much simpler manner compared to the other existing car parking business in the market. Such less time consuming services and simpler mode of obtaining these services is one the many advantages that the Collins car parking business provides. Constant security monitoring of the Collins is one of the major advantages that the Collins provide. The stringent security measures of the Collins car park give extra assurance to their customers regarding the safeguarding of their vehicles. The system assures regular monitoring of the security guards duty. The duration and number of times the security guards visits the car parks are marked regularly. The system installed in each of the Collins car park is easier to understand. Thus making the services simpler and reaching out to more categories of customers. The operations required to be performed while entering and exiting the car park is easier to understand to people of all age groups and categories. The system installed in the control pillar of each of the car parks is regularly monitored thus making the system less prone to corrupt in the busy hours of the day. The Collins are also planning to make innovation in its existing system. Different mode of payments for the booking purpose also made the service more accessible to the users. The costs of the services are also economical compared to the other available services in the market. The customers can book the service as per their requirements. The Collins also tends to extend its services in the android as well as website applications which will lead to more easier access to their customers. Such mobile applications will allow the customer to avail the Collins services online with the help of their smart phones and laptops. Required resources for the Collins car parking business The following are the list of the resources that the Collins will require in order to run its business: Infrastructure for the setting up the business. Sufficient spaces for increasing their operating centers. A software maintenance team who would monitor and regulate the software regularly. Business development team. Business administrative and a management team. A marketing team who would look after the advertisement of the Collins car parking and would review the customers feedback. A quality assurance team who would check the quality of the raw materials before installation of the system in the car parking plot. A risk management team. Accounts department who would look after the financial status of the business. Feasibility of the Collins business A sudden natural calamity such as earthquake, storms can be a set-back for the Collins car parking business as this may destruct the car parking properties. Other risks that the Collins business is exposed to are the shortage of car parking spaces compared to that of the customer demands; this in turn can create a negative impact on the customers (Barone et al., 2013). Apart from these, hike in prices of the land where the Collins intend to set up its operating centre is also one of the risks that the Collins might face and risks related to security of the customers vehicles and credentials are some of the major risk that the Collins car parking business is exposed to (Rusmin, Osmond Syaichu-Rohman, 2013). As the Collins tends to implement an automatic car parking model, there might rise situations where the system fails in the busy hours of the day. The Collins car parking system does not make much difference for their ordinary customers. The other car parking system available in the market also provides almost same service as that of the Collins to their ordinary customers. Other limitations of the Collins can be unavailability of the parking spaces in busy hours (Kaur Singh, 2013). Apart from these Collins does not provide parking facilities for public transport system it only provides services for the private vehicles. References Aalsalem, M. Y., Khan, W. Z., Dhabbah, K. M. (2015, July). An automated vehicle parking monitoring and management system using ANPR cameras. InAdvanced Communication Technology (ICACT), 2015 17th International Conference on(pp. 706-710). IEEE. Attias, D. (2017). The Autonomous Car, a Disruptive Business Model?. InThe Automobile Revolution(pp. 99-113). Springer, Cham. Barone, R. E., Giuffr, T., Siniscalchi, S. M., Morgano, M. A., Tesoriere, G. (2013). Architecture for parking management in smart cities.IET Intelligent Transport Systems,8(5), 445-452. Budd, L., Ison, S., Budd, T. (2013). An empirical examination of the growing phenomenon of off-site residential car parking provision: The situation at UK airports.Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice,54, 26-34. Kaur, R., Singh, B. (2013). Design and implementation of car parking system on fpga.arXiv preprint arXiv:1307.3051. Lee, J., Lee, H. (2014). Developing and validating a citizen-centric typology for smart city services.Government Information Quarterly,31, S93-S105. Ma, T., Mohammed, O. A. (2014). Optimal charging of plug-in electric vehicles for a car-park infrastructure.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,50(4), 2323-2330. Patil, M., Bhonge, V. N. (2013). Wireless sensor network and RFID for smart parking system.International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering,3(4), 188-192. Rusmin, P. H., Osmond, A. B., Syaichu-Rohman, A. (2013, August). Design and implementation of driver drowsiness detection system on digitalized driver system. InSystem Engineering and Technology (ICSET), 2013 IEEE 3rd International Conference on(pp. 375-380). IEEE. Zheng, Y., Rajasegarar, S., Leckie, C. (2015, April). Parking availability prediction for sensor-enabled car parks in smart cities. InIntelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP), 2015 IEEE Tenth International Conference on(pp. 1-6). IEEE.

Murder Without Text Amanda Cross an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by

Murder Without Text Amanda Cross "Murder Without a Text" is written by Amanda Cross, the pseudonym or pen name used by a mystery novel writer named Carolyn Gold Heibrun. Carolyn Gold Heibrun was an American academic and is well known to be a feminist writer. She was born on January 13, 1926 and died in October 9, 2003 after committing suicide, thinking that her life had already been completed. Need essay sample on ""Murder Without Text" Amanda Cross" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed In the short story, Murder Without Text, a murder case was filed against a seasoned feminist scholar. Allegedly, she bludgeoned a student to death. The murder in the story occurred during a highly controversial regarding women's studies senior thesis seminar. Debatable conversation occurred in the seminar wherein a certain early Christian history specialist named Professor Beatrice Sterling, was having a hard time in persuading the students or at least make them understand that researches, especially those which are academic, and canonical texts are very crucial and relevant. The attitudes of the students during the seminar were a bit amusing, especially because it was quite similar, in some extent, to real life situations. It was a bit funny for a decent teacher, specializing in canonical texts, to lose her temper during the seminar, thinking that the students were rude and that it was comparable to rape (Cross, 1992). The method used in solving the crime in this murder case was really amusing and quite intriguing. Solving crimes was possible and was done through the use of dialectics, or personal interviews with other characters, teachers and students. It is something unique as compared to the other murder novels written because the typically adventurous antics which involve a lot of movements and physical actions are not the main tool for solving the crimes or mysteries. It adds to a certain "reality" in the short story. Similarly, interrogations in real life situations are actually a good source of information as to solve a certain mystery, especially about a murder in a public place. As Nichols and Thompson states, the method of solving crimes in the novel includes detection with a curious mixture or certain combinations of intuition and a lot of logic (1998). Carolyn Gold Heibrun, famously known as Amanda Cross, really did a great job in putting or forging a lot of literary links and creativit y in the dialogues and interviews conducted to solve the murder mystery. The short story, Murder Without Text, feminism is a topic which cannot be missed. Amanda Cross' feminism creates a certain foreground of a tension that comes into view between the critiques of one generation to the other, of young students and older teachers or professors. Especially in the aspect of patriarchal masculinism like when the students would constantly talk about real sex-workers or even the real victims of botched abortions and homeless women. The students talking more about these topics seem to cause or give readers a feeling of creepiness. Teenagers nowadays often talk about computers or computer games. Things or topics which are somewhat serious or too technical especially politics and social issues are sometimes neglected. Furthermore, there is a certain difference or clash of opinions between the two generations or between the students and the teachers, especially in the aspect of self-reflexive articulation of the differences among women. The short story provides or shows these differences in forms such as generational, disciplinary and may also include methodological. This occurs not only between the students and the teachers but among the teachers as well. The mystery and intriguing plot, as to how the murder was committed was well told by the author. It is also interesting to imagine that teachers could resort to violence in dealing with their students. When Sterling mentioned that the young, or the students, were generally rude, I somewhat felt like arguing. True, the youth today seem to be a bit radical and really enthusiastic about things, but that's simply it and really rude. Sometimes, students or the youth could be insensitive or a bit selfish, but it is a fallacy to generalize that the youth are rude. The writer, Carolyn Gold Heibrun or Amanda Cross, is able to show that in life, influences of privilege plays an important role. Through the short story, a reader may somewhat realize that world could be unfair and that there may also be dangers even at school. Recapitulating the murder case filed against the teacher, it is a bit humorous to think that teachers, in real life, do kill their students, only figuratively. In some parts of the short story, the author tends to be fond of using quotations. As such, there are some instances wherein the author, Amanda Cross, would seem to force her be dragged in almost each and every scholarly citations (Paul, 1991). The short story is good, for it presents a new kind of solving mysteries. If I would be recommending a short story, then I would recommend Amanda Cross's "Murder Without Text", especially to those who love murder stories and fans of Sherlock. Furthermore, it would be really interesting if this short story, or the collection of Amanda Cross' short stories would be put or made to film. After reading the short story, I am convinced that mystery indeed is fascinating. Works Cited Cross, Amanda. Murder without Text. A Woman's Eye. Ed. Sara Paretsky. New York: Dell Publishing Incorporated, 1992. Nichols, Victoria, and Susan Thompson. Silk Stalkings: More Women Write of Murder. Lanham, Maryland, USA: Scarecrow Press, 2000. Paul, Robert S. Whatever Happened to Sherlock Holmes? Detective Fiction, Popular Theology, and Society. Carbondale, Illinois, USA: Southern Illinois University Press, 1991.

8 Writing Tips for Beginners

8 Writing Tips for Beginners 8 Writing Tips for Beginners 8 Writing Tips for Beginners By Ali Hale Welcome to the wonderful world of writing! However young or old you are, writing can be so rewarding. For some writers, it’s a fun hobby and a creative outlet; for others, it’s a dream career. When you’re just getting started, you might feel excited but also a little daunted – where should you begin? What do you need to know and learn? The great thing about writing is that whatever stage you’re at, you can keep growing your skills and honing your craft. This applies whether you’re a total beginner or a best-selling author: there’s always something new to learn or try. In your early months (or even years) as a writer, these eight tips should help you on your way Tip #1: Try Lots of Different Types of Writing When you’re just starting out, you might not know what you want to write – you just want to write! Or, you might have a firm idea of the type of writing you’d like to do (maybe you want to be a novelist or a poet, for instance). As a beginner, you’re in a great position to try out lots of different types of writing, without needing to commit to one in particular: no-one’s (yet!) demanding your next book. So have a go at a wide range of genres and styles – you might surprise yourself with what you enjoy. I never set out to be a freelancer (my writing dreams were all about being a novelist) †¦ but ten years into freelancing, I still love it, and I’ve written and published three novels too. Tip #2: Read Some Good Writing Blogs or Books †¦ But Not Too Many There are some brilliant books and blogs out there that’ll teach you the basics of writing (and much more): Daily Writing Tips is a great place to begin, of course! For fiction-writers, I always recommend K.M. Weiland’s blog Helping Writers Become Authors, and Nigel Watts’ book Get Started in †¦ Writing a Novel; for non-fiction writers, the Copyblogger blog is a great read, as is Joanna Penn’s book How to Write Non-Fiction. One trap that beginner writers sometimes fall into, though, is that they read and read, trying to learn everything there is to know about writing – but they don’t actually write! So don’t get too caught up in reading: make sure you’re also setting aside time to try out writing exercises, or to develop your own ideas. Tip #3: Start With Small Projects, Not Book-Length Works If you’ve never written much before, launching straight into a novel probably won’t work: either you’ll run out of steam within a few chapters, or you’ll keep writing but you’ll end up with a story that needs an awful lot of work to make it publishable. It’s better to hone your skills on smaller projects first: think short stories if you’re a fiction-writer, or short articles or blog posts if you’re a non-fiction writer. These can be a great way to explore potential ideas and topics without committing to a book-length work straight away. Tip #4: Write Regularly So You Don’t Lose Momentum Some writers think you should write every day: personally, I don’t think that’s very good advice. Maybe your weekdays are very busy, because you work long hours, but your weekends are clear. Or perhaps it’s the other way round: you have some time during the week while your kids are at school, but your weekends are packed with activities. It’s fine to set a writing schedule that suits you and your life †¦ but do make sure you’re allowing yourself time to write on a regular basis. If weeks go by without you writing anything, you’ll inevitably lose momentum. Writing at least once a week works for most people. For those who need extra help fighting procrastination, this post has many tips to beat writers block. Tip #5: Use Clear, Straightforward Words While I’m a huge fan of words, and love the sound of some more unusual ones (eclectic is one of my favourites!) †¦ I think that as a writer, it’s normally best to keep things simple. Even if, in school, you got extra marks for showing off your impressive vocabulary, readers frankly don’t care! You should, of course, use the word that best fits what you mean: sometimes a precise, technical word is the best choice, even if it isn’t the simplest. But in general, keep George Orwell’s advice in mind: â€Å"Never use a long word where a short one will do,† and â€Å"Never use a foreign phrase, a scientific word, or a jargon word if you can think of an everyday English equivalent.† Needless to say that you should use clear, correct English as well. Using a spellchecker is not enough. Proofreading and editing is essential to produce quality prose. Tip #6: (Fiction Writers) Don’t Mix Past and Present Tense This can sometimes be tricky to get to grips with when you’re new to writing: but if you’re writing piece of fiction, you need to choose between past and present tense. You can tell the story as though it’s already happened: John hurried down the street. Sue ran after him, furious. â€Å"John!† she shouted. â€Å"Come back here!† Alternatively, you can tell the story as if it’s currently happening: John hurries down the street. Sue runs after him, furious. â€Å"John!† she shouts. â€Å"Come back here!† What you can’t do is mix past and present: John hurried down the street. Sue runs after him, furious†¦ Sometimes, there’s a place for switching from past to present tense or vice versa – but be careful that you don’t switch accidentally. Tip #7: (Fiction Writers) Don’t Use the Same Word Too Often If you use the same word repeatedly within a short space of time, it can start to stand out for the reader and become a distraction from your writing. This is particularly true of unusual words (I read a novel recently by an author with a particular liking for the word â€Å"stolid†). Here’s an example: John locked the door before opening the letter. He could hear Sue moving around in the kitchen, just outside the door. As he drew the letter from the envelope, there was a knock on the door. â€Å"John? What are you doing in there? Open the door!† The word â€Å"door† appears four times in that paragraph, and there’s a danger of it having a slightly comic effect. Some words are fine to repeat as often as you like, however: little ones like â€Å"a†, â€Å"the†, â€Å"and†, â€Å"he†, â€Å"she and so on. With character names, too, it’s best to just pick something to call them and stick with it. So don’t try to remove all repeated words – but do keep an eye out for words or phrases that you tend to over-use. Tip #8: (Fiction Writers) Stick to One Character’s Perspective at a Time Even if you’re writing in the third-person rather than the first-person, it’s a good idea to stick to just one character’s perspective in any given scene or passage – this is called â€Å"third-person limited† or sometimes â€Å"deep POV† and contrasts with the â€Å"third-person omniscient† viewpoint that’s typical of classic 19th century literature. Readers expect this close third-person perspective, and it allows you to give the thoughts and viewpoint of one character at a time – helping the reader to identify with that person and to really understand them. Beyond all these tips, though, there’s one thing I want to leave you with: the fact that no-one is born able to write. You may not yet have the skills you want as a writer †¦ but you can develop those skills. A year or so ago, my five-year-old daughter could only write a few words (and often got her letters backwards); now, it’s fascinating to watch her fledgling attempts at writing stories, messages, and even puzzles. Just like her, you could look back a year from now and be surprised at how far you’ve come. Wherever you are right now with your writing, keep on working at it, keep enjoying it, and keep finding new things to learn as you go along. Good luck! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Capitalize Animal and Plant NamesThe Writing Process20 Names of Body Parts and Elements and Their Figurative Meanings

The Medium And Its Impact On The Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Medium And Its Impact On The Society - Essay Example There are a lot of serious defenders and critics of McLuhan’s ideas, and, in my opinion, all of them are right to a greater or lesser extent, although, after my reading of McLuhan’s works and of some discussions around it, I should confess that I could agree with his aphorism: â€Å"The Medium Is the Message†. In this essay, I give several points to explain my opinion. First of all, I would not adjoin those people who understand the meaning of the McLuhan’s work too literally, focusing mostly on the conventional significance of term â€Å"medium† in relation to mass-media communications and the meaning of â€Å"message† only as information. Such understanding, in my opinion, leads to misapprehension or, at least, to a superficial comprehension of McLuhan’s ideas – it does not allow to go beyond simple conclusions that communication technologies are more important (in some miraculous way) than information or content, which technologies transmit, and hence information can be disregarded. In this sense I agree with McLuhan who expresses his harsh opinion as follows: I consider, that according to McLuhan, the â€Å"media† should be understood in more broad, complex meaning – as â€Å"extension of man†, as any phenomenon (social or technological) that can cause structural changes influencing man’s mode of existence. Fishman (2006) also emphasizes that McLuhan treats media as â€Å"extensions of an individuals capabilities and attributes †¦ [and] extension of the mind. These media create perceptual environments, and these environments influence what kind of facts are privileged as important, and what type of stimuli are ignored or overlooked† (p.2). McLuhan (2003) corroborates it: All human inventions, innovations, and ideas are media, according to McLuhan.